Peer reviewed
Contributions to books
Goldsmith, C. H., Duku, E. K., Thoma, A., & Murphy, J. (2019). Simple Statistical Tests and P Values. In A. Thoma, S. Sprague, S. Voineskos, & C.H. Goldsmith, (Eds.), Evidence-Based Surgery (pp. 285-299): Springer, Cham.
Murphy, J., Duku, E. K., Thoma, A., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2019). Power and Sample Size. In A. Thoma, S. Sprague, S. Voineskos, & C.H. Goldsmith, (Eds.), Evidence-Based Surgery (pp. 311-325): Springer, Cham.
Thoma, A., Santos, J., Cadeddu, M., Duku, E. K., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2019). How to Assess an Article that Deals with Health-Related Quality of Life. In A. Thoma, S. Sprague, S. Voineskos, & C.H. Goldsmith, (Eds.), Evidence-Based Surgery (pp. 93-102): Springer, Cham.
Thoma, A., Santos, J., Murphy, J., Duku, E. K., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2019). Case-Control Studies. In A. Thoma, S. Sprague, S. Voineskos, & C.H. Goldsmith, (Eds.), Evidence-Based Surgery (pp. 171-181): Springer, Cham.
Georgiades, S., Frazier, T., & Duku, E. (2017). Factor Analysis. In F. R. Volkmar (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (pp. 1-5). New York, NY: Springer New York.
Georgiades, S., Frazier, T., & Duku, E. (2017). Latent Variable Modeling. In F. R. Volkmar (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (pp. 1-2). New York, NY: Springer New York.
Szatmari, P., Zwaigenbaum, L., Georgiades, S., Elsabbagh, M., Waddell, C., Bennett, T., Bryson, S., Duku, E., Fombonne, E., Mirenda, P., Roberts, W., Smith, I., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J. (2016). Resilience and Developmental Health in Autism Spectrum Disorder, in M. Hodes & S. Gau (Eds.), Positive Mental Health, Fighting Stigma and Promoting Resiliency for Children and Adolescents. Academic Press. Pages 91–109.
Offord, D. R., Lipman, E. L., & Duku, E. K. (2001). Epidemiology of Problem Behaviour Up to Age 12 Years, in Rolf Loeber and David Farrington (eds.), Child Delinquents: Development, Intervention, and Service Needs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Pages 95-116.
Journal articles
Duku, E., Pottruff, M., & Janus, M. (2022). Creating and Evaluating Two Cumulative Developmental Vulnerability Risk Measures. International Journal of Population Data Science, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v7i3.1813
Spadafora, N., Reid-Westoby, C., Pottruff, M., Wang, J., Duku, E., & Janus, M. (2022). An investigation of kindergarten educator reported barriers and concerns and school neighbourhood composition in Ontario, Canada. International Journal of Population Data Science, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v7i3.1839
Duku, E., Forer, B., Pottruff, M., Guhn, M., & Janus, M. (2022). Defying Expectations: Can We Identify Neighbourhoods with “Other Than Expected” Developmental Outcomes?. International Journal of Population Data Science, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v7i3.1814
Forer, B., Pottruff, M., Duku, E., Guhn, M., & Janus, M. (2022). The Canadian Neighbourhood Early Childhood Development (CanNECD) Socioeconomic Index: Stability and Measurement Invariance Over Time. International Journal of Population Data Science, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v7i3.2048
Baribeau, D. A., Vigod, S. N., Pullenayegum, E., Kerns, C. M., Vaillancourt, T., Duku, E., Smith, I. M., Volden, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bennett, T., Elsabbagh, M., Zaidman-Zait, A., Richard, A. E., & Szatmari, P. (2022). Developmental cascades between insistence on sameness behaviour and anxiety symptoms in autism spectrum disorder. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-022-02049-9
Janus, M., Ryan, J., Pottruff, M., Reid-Westoby, C., Brownell, M., Bennett, T., Birken, C. S., Duku, E., Ferro, M. A., Forer, B., Georgiades, S., Gorter, J. W., Guhn, M., Maguire, J., Manson, H., Pei, J., Santos, R., & Coplan, R. J. (2022). Population-Based Teacher-Rated Assessment of Anxiety Among Canadian Kindergarten Children. Child Psychiatry & Human Development. doi: 10.1007/s10578-022-01332-9
Uhlman, K., Miroshnychenko, A., Duku, E., Xie, F., & Thoma, A. (2022). Methodologic and Reporting Quality of Economic Evaluations in Hand and Wrist Surgery: A Systematic Review. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 149(3), 453e-464e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000008845
Vanderloo, L.M., Janus, M., Omand, J.A. Keown-Stoneman, C. D. G., Borkhoff, C. M., Duku, E., Mamdani, M., Lebovic, G., Parkin, P. C., Simpson, J. R., Tremblay, M. S., Maguire, J. L., & Birken, C. S. (2022). Children’s screen use and school readiness at 4-6 years: prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-12629-8
Vanderloo, L. M., Omand, J., Keown-Stoneman, C. D., Janus, M., Tremblay, M. S., Maguire, J. L., Borkhoff, C. M., Lebovic, G., Parkin, P. C., Mamdani, M., Simpson, J. R., Duku, E., & Birken, C. S. (2022). Association Between Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep, and School Readiness in Canadian Children Aged 4 to 6 Years. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000986
Pickles, A., Wright, N., Bedford, R., Steiman, M., Duku, E., Bennett, T., … & Pathways in ASD Study Team. (2022). Predictors of language regression and its association with subsequent communication development in children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13565
Carter Leno, V., Wright, N., Pickles, A., Bedford, R., Zaidman-Zait, A., Kerns, C., Mirenda, P., Zwaigenbaum, L., Duku, E., Bennett, T. and Georgiades, S., Smith, I., Vaillancourt, T., Szatmari, P., Elsabbagh, M., and the Pathways ASD Study Team. (2022). Exposure to family stressful life events in autistic children: Longitudinal associations with mental health and the moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Autism, doi: 10.1177/13623613211061932
Patterson, J. W., Armstrong, V., Duku, E., Richard, A., Franchini, M., Brian, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S. E., Sacrey, L-A. R., Roncadin, C., & Smith, I. M. (2021). Early trajectories of motor skills in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism research: official journal of the International Society for Autism Research. doi: 10.1002/aur.2641
Omand, J. A., Janus, M., Maguire, J. L., Parkin, P. C., Aglipay, M., Randall Simpson, J., Keown-Stoneman, C. D. G., Duku, E., Reid-Westoby, C., & Birken, C. S. (2021). Nutritional Risk in Early Childhood and School Readiness. The Journal of Nutrition. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab307
Andrews, K., Dunn, J. R., Prime, H., Duku, E., Atkinson, L., Tiwari, A., & Gonzalez, A. (2021). Effects of household chaos and parental responsiveness on child executive functions: a novel, multi-method approach. BMC psychology, 9(1), 1-14. doi: 10.1186/s40359-021-00651-1
Vanderloo, L. M., Omand, J., Keown-Stoneman, C. D., Janus, M., Tremblay, M. S., Maguire, J. L., Borkhoff, C. M., Lebovic, G., Parkin, P., Mamdani, M., Simpson, J. D., Duku, E., & Birken, C. S. (2021). Association Between Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep, and School Readiness in Canadian Children Aged 4 to 6 Years. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. doi: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000986
Ameis, S. H., Haltigan, J. D., Lyon, R. E., Sawyer, A., Mirenda, P., Kerns, C. M., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bennett, T., Duku, E., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S., Ungar, W. J., Zaidman-Zait, A., Lai, M-C., Szatmari, P., & Pathways in ASD Study Team. (2021). Middle‐childhood executive functioning mediates associations between early‐childhood autism symptoms and adolescent mental health, academic and functional outcomes in autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13493
Minh, A., Ritland, L., Webb, S., Forer, B., Brownell, M., Duku, E., Gagné, M., Janus, M., Muhajarine, N., & Guhn, M. (2021). Does social capital flatten the social gradient in early childhood development? An ecological study of two provinces in Canada. Social Indicators Research, 1-20. doi: 10.1007/s11205-021-02753-0
Siddiqua, A., Janus, M., Mesterman, R., Duku, E., Georgiades, K., Saxena, F., Zhao, H., & Saunders, N. (2021). Primary Care Provider and Child Characteristics Associated with Age of Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05165-8
Davies, S., Janus, M., Reid-Westoby, C., Duku, E., & Schlanger, P. (2021). Does the early development instrument predict academic achievement in Ontario French schools?. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. doi: 10.1037/cbs0000285
Tesfaye, R., Wright, N., Zaidman-Zait, A., Bedford, R., Zwaigenbaum, L., Kerns, C. M., Duku, E., Mirenda, P., Bennett, T., Georgiades, S., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Pickles, A., Szatmari, P., & Elsabbagh, M. (2021). Investigating longitudinal associations between parent reported sleep in early childhood and teacher reported executive functioning in school-aged children with autism. Sleep. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab122
Szatmari, P., Cost, K. T., Duku, E., Bennett, T., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S., Kerns, C., Mirenda, P., Smith, I. M., Ungar, W. J., Vaillancourt, T., Waddell, C., Zaidman-Zait, A., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2021). Association of Child and Family Attributes With Outcomes in Children With Autism. JAMA Network Open, 4(3), e212530-e212530. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.2530
Zwaigenbaum, L., Brian, J., Smith, I. M., Sacrey, L. R., Franchini, M., Bryson, S. E., Vaillancourt, T., Armstrong, V., Duku, E., Szatmari, P., Roberts, W., & Roncadin, C. (2021). Symptom trajectories in the first 18 months and autism risk in a prospective high-risk cohort. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13417
Georgiades, S., Tait, P. A., McNicholas, P. D., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Smith, I. M., Bennett, T., Elsabbagh, M., Kerns, C. M., Mirenda, P., Ungar, W. J., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zaidman-Zait, A., Gentles, S., & Szatmari, P. (2021). Trajectories of Symptom Severity in Children with Autism: Variability and Turning Points through the Transition to School. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-04949-2
Cost, K. T., Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Smith, I. M., Ungar, W. J., Kerns, C., Bennett, T., Szatmari, P., Georgiades, S., Waddell, C., Elsabbagh, M., & Vaillancourt, T. (2021). “Best Things”: Parents Describe Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Over Time. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-04890-4, correction doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05144-z
Mir, H., Reid-Westoby, C., Gaskin, A., Duku, E., & Janus, M. (2020). Do Predictors of Children’s Special Educational Needs in Grade 3 Differ by Special Needs Status in Kindergarten in Ontario, Canada?. International Journal of Population Data Science, 5(5). doi: 10.23889/ijpds.v5i5.1469
Thoma, A., Avram, R., Dal Cin, A., Murphy, J., Duku, E., & Xie, F. (2020). Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Abdominal-based Autogenous Tissue and Tissue-expander Implant following Mastectomy. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 8(10). doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002986
Thoma, A., Avram, R., Dal Cin, A., Murphy, J., Duku, E., & Xie, F. (2020). Comparing the Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of Abdominal-based Autogenous Tissue and Tissue-Expander Implant: A Feasibility Study. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 8(10). doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003179
Gagné, M., Guhn, M., Janus, M., Georgiades, K., Emerson, S. D., Milbrath, C., Duku, E., Magee, C., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Gadermann, A. M. (2020). Thriving, catching up, falling behind: Immigrant and refugee children’s kindergarten competencies and later academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology. doi: 10.1037/edu0000634
Siddiqua, A., Duku, E., Georgiades, K., Mesterman, R., & Janus, M. (2020). Association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and developmental vulnerability of kindergarten children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A population level study. SSM-population health, 12, 100662. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100662
Niccols, A., Cunningham, C., Pettingill, P., Bohaychuk, D., & Duku, E. (2020). Preschool mental health: The Brief Child and Family Intake and Outcomes System. International Journal of Behavioral Development. doi: 10.1177/0165025420951248
Baribeau, D. A., Vigod, S., Pullenayegum, E., Kerns, C. M., Mirenda, P., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bennett, T., Duku, E., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S., Ungar, W. J., Zaidman-Zait, A., & Szatmari, P. (2020). Co-occurring trajectories of anxiety and insistence on sameness behaviour in autism spectrum disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1-8. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.127
Lee, V., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bennett, T., Szatmari, P., Elsabbagh, M., Kerns, C., Mirenda, P., Smith, I. M., Ungar, W. J., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zaidman-Zait, A., Thompson, A., & Georgiades, S. (2020). Temperament influences the relationship between symptom severity and adaptive functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, doi: 10.1177/1362361320933048
Pei, J., Reid-Westoby, C., Siddiqua, A., Elshamy, Y., Rorem, D., Bennett, T., Birken, C., Coplan, R., Duku, E., Ferro, M.A., Forer, B., Georgiades, S., Gorter, J. W., Guhn, M., Maguire, J., Manson, H., Santos, R., Brownell, M., & Janus, M. (2020). Teacher-reported prevalence of FASD in Kindergarten in Canada: Association with child development and problems at home. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04545-w
Krakowski, A. D., Cost, K. T., Anagnostou, E., Lai, M-C., Crosbie, J., Schachar, R., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., & Szatmari, P. (2020). Inattention and hyperactive/impulsive component scores do not differentiate between autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a clinical sample. Molecular Autism. 11, 28. doi: 10.1186/s13229-020-00338-1
Zeraatkar, D., Duku, E., Bennett, T., Guhn, M., Forer, B., Brownell, M., & Janus, M. (2020). Socioeconomic gradient in the developmental health of Canadian children with disabilities at school entry: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032396
Moltaji, S., Gallo, M., Wong, C., Murphy, J., Gallo, L., Waltho, D., Copeland, A., Karpinski, M., Mowakket, S., Duku, E., & Thoma, A. (2020). Reporting outcomes and outcome measures in digital replantation: A systematic review. Journal of Hand and Microsurgery. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1701324
Deyessa, N., Webb, S., Duku, E., Garland, A., Fish, I., Janus, M., & Desta, M. (2020). Epidemiological study of a developmentally and culturally sensitive preschool intervention to improve school readiness of children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Epidemiol Community Health. doi: 10.1136/jech-2019-213019
McRae, D. N., Muhajarine, N., Janus, M., Duku, E., Brownell, M., Forer, B., & Guhn, M. (2020). Immigrant and ethnic neighbourhood concentration and reduced child developmental vulnerability. International Journal of Population Data Science, 5(1). doi: 10.23889/ijpds.v5i1.1147
Khalifa, G., Rosenbaum, P., Georgiades, K., Duku, E., & Di Rezze, B. (2020). Exploring the Participation Patterns and Impact of Environment in Preschool Children with ASD. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(16), 5677. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165677
McLennan, J. D., Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Georgiades, K., Duku, E. (2020). Variation in teachers’ reported use of classroom management and behavioral health strategies by grade level. School Mental Health 12, 67–76. doi: 10.1007/s12310-019-09341-1
Siddiqua, A., Duku, E., Georgiades, K., Mesterman, R., & Janus, M. (2020). Neighbourhood-level prevalence of teacher-reported Autism Spectrum Disorder among kindergarten children in Canada: A population level study. SSM-Population Health, 10. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100520
Hunsche, M. C., Saqui, S., Mirenda, P., Zaidman-Zait, A., Bennett, T., Duku, E., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S., Smith, I. M., Szatmari, P., Ungar, W. J., Vaillancourt, T., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., & Kerns, C. M. (2020). Parent-reported rates and clinical correlates of suicidality in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A longitudinal study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04373-y
Zaidman-Zait, A., Zwaigenbaum, L., Duku, E., Bennett, T., Szatmari, P., Mirenda, P., Smith, I., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Kerns, C., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S., Ungar, W. J., Fombonne, E., & Roberts, W. (2020). Factor analysis of the children’s sleep habits questionnaire among preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 97(103548). doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103548
Webb, S., Duku, E., Brownell, M., Enns, J., Forer, B., Guhn, M., Minh, A., Muhajarine, N., & Janus, M. (2020). Sex differences in the socioeconomic gradient of children’s early development. SSM – Population Health. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100512
Birken, C. S., Omand, J. A., Nurse, K. M., Borkhoff, C. M., Koroshegyi, C., Lebovic, G., Maguire, J. L., Mamdani, M., Parkin, P. C., Simpson, J. R., Tremblay, M. S., Duku. E., Reid-Westoby, C., Janus, M., & TARGet Kids! Collaboration (2019). Fit for School Study protocol: early child growth, health behaviours, nutrition, cardiometabolic risk and developmental determinants of a child’s school readiness, a prospective cohort. BMJ open, 9(11). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030709
Gagné, M., Janus, M., Muhajarine, N., Gadermann, A., Duku, E., Milbrath, C., Minh, A., Forer, B., Magee, C., & Guhn, M. (2020). Disentangling the role of income in the academic achievement of migrant children. Social Science Research. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.102344
Baribeau, D. A., Vigod, S., Pullenayegum, E., Kerns, C. M., Mirena, P., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bennett, T., Duku, E., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S., Ungar, W. J., Zaidman-Zait, A., & Szatmari, P. (2019). Repetitive behavior severity as an early indicator of risk for elevated anxiety symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.08.478
Bal, V. H., Fok, M., Lord, C., Smith, I. M., Mirenda, P., Szatmari, P., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bennett, T., Duku, E., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S., Ungar, W. J., Zaidman-Zait, A. (2019). Predictors of longer-term development of expressive language in two independent longitudinal cohorts of language-delayed preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13117
Forer, B., Minh, A., Enns, J., Webb, S., Duku, E., Brownell, M., Muhajarine, N., Janus, M., Guhn, M. (2019). A Canadian neighbourhood index for socioeconomic status associated with early child development. Child Indicators Research. 1-22. doi: 10.1007/s12187-019-09666-y
Di Rezze, B., Duku, E., Szatmari, P., Volden, J., Georgiades, S., Zwaigenbaum, L., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Bennett, T. A., Elsabbagh, M., Thompson, A., Ungar, W. J., Waddell, C.; Pathways in ASD Study Team (2019). Examining trajectories of daily living skills over the preschool years for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(11), 4390-4399. doi: 10.1007/s10803-019-04150-6
Cunningham, C. E., Rimas, H., Vaillancourt, T., Stewart, B., Deal, K., Cunningham, L., Vanniyasingam, T., Duku, E., Buchanan, D. H., Thabane, L. (2019). What influences educators’ design preferences for bullying prevention programs? Multi-level latent class analysis of a discrete choice experiment. School Mental Health, 1-16. doi: 10.1007/s12310-019-09334-0
Peverill, S., Smith, I. M., Duku, E., Szatmari, P., Mirenda, P., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bennett, T., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S., Ungar, W. J. (2019). Developmental trajectories of feeding problems in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 44(8), 988-998. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz033
Tesfaye, R., Courchesne, V., Yusuf, A., Savion-Lemieux, T., Singh, I., Shikako-Thomas, K., Mirenda, P., Waddell, C., Smith, I. M., Nicholas, D., Szatmari, P., Bennett, T., Duku, E., Georgiades, S., Kerns, C., Vaillancourt, T., Zaidman-Zait, A., Zwaigenbaum, L., Elsabbagh, M. (2019). Assuming ability of youth with autism: Synthesis of methods capturing the first-person perspectives of children and youth with disabilities. Autism, 23(8), 1882-1896. doi: 10.1177/1362361319831487
Cunningham, C. E., Rimas, H., Vaillancourt, T., Stewart, B., Deal, K., Cunningham, L., Vanniyasingam, T., Duku, E., Buchanan, D. H., Thabane, L. (2019). What antibullying program designs motivate student intervention in Grades 5 to 8? Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 1-15. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1567344
Gonçalves, T. R., Duku, E., & Janus, M. (2019). Developmental health in the context of an early childhood program in Brazil: the “Primeira Infância Melhor” experience. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 35(3). doi: 10.1590/0102-311×00224317
Zwaigenbaum, L., Duku, E., Fombonne, E., Szatmari, P., Smith, I. M., Bryson, S. E., Mirenda, P., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Georgiades, S., Roberts, W., Bennett, T., Elsabbagh, M., Waddell, C., Steiman, M., Simon, R., Bruno, R. (2019). Developmental functioning and symptom severity influence age of diagnosis in Canadian preschool children with autism. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, 24(1): e57-e65. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxy076
Traynor, J. M., Gough, A., Duku, E., Shore, D. I., Hall, G. B. C. (2019). Eye tracking effort expenditure and autonomic arousal to social and circumscribed interest stimuli in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 1988-2002. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-03877-y
Conlon, O., Volden, J., Smith, I. M., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Waddell, C., Szatmari, P., Mirenda, P., Vaillancourt, T., Bennett, T., Georgiades, S., Elsabbagh, M., Ungar, W. J. et al. (2019). Gender differences in pragmatic communication in school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 1937-1948. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-03873-2
Niccols, A., Cunningham, C., Pettingill, P., Bohaychuk, D., Duku, E. (2018). Infant mental health: The Brief Child and Family Intake and Outcomes System. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 42(6): 588-596. doi: 10.1177/0165025417752497
Dempsey, E. E., Smith, I. M., Flanagan, H. E., Duku, E., Lawrence, M. A., Szatmari, P., Zwaigenbaum, L., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Mirenda, P., Wadell, C., Georgiades, S., Elsabbagh, M., Ungar, W. J., Bennett, T. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Merrill-Palmer-Revised Scales of Development in preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Assessment. doi: 10.1177/1073191118818754
Janus, M., Enns, J., Forer, B., Raos, R., Gaskin, A., Webb, S., Duku, E., Muhajarine, N., & Guhn, M. (2018). A Pan-Canadian data resource for monitoring child developmental health: The Canadian Neighbourhoods Early Child Development (CanNECD) database. International Journal of Population Data Science, 3, 1-11. doi: 10.23889/ijpds.v3i3.431
O’Leary, J. D., Janus, M., Duku, E., Wijeysundera, D. N., To, T., Li, P., Maynes, J. T., Faraoni, D., Crawford, M. W. (2018). Influence of surgical procedures and general anesthesia on child development before primary school entry among matched sibling pairs. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(1): 29-36. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3662
Janus, M., Zeraatkar, D., Duku, E., Bennett, T. (2018). Validation of the Early Development Instrument for children with special health needs. Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health. 55(6), 659-665. doi: 10.1111/jpc.14264
Janus, M., Brownell, M., Reid-Westoby, C., Bennett, T., Birken, C., Coplan, R., Duku, E., Ferro, M. A., Forer, B., Georgiades, S., Gorter, J. W., Guhn, M., Maguire, J. L., Manson, H., Pei, J., Santos, R. (2018). Establishing a protocol for building a pan-Canadian population-based monitoring system for early childhood development for children with health disorders: Canadian Children’s Health in Context Study (CCHICS). British Medical Journal Open. 8(5): e023688. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023688
Soreni, N., Cameron, D., Vorstenbosch, V., Duku, E., Rowa, K., Swinson, R., Bullard, C., McCabe, R. (2018). Psychometric evaluation of a revised scoring approach for the children’s saving inventory in a Canadian sample of youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 49(6):966-973. doi: 10.1007/s10578-018-0811-y
Franchini, M., Duku, E., Armstrong, V., Brian, J., Bryson, S. E., Garon, N., Roberts, W., Roncadin, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Smith, I. M. (2018). Variability in verbal and nonverbal communication in infants at risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Predictors and Outcomes. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 48(10), 3417-3431. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3607-9
Thoma, A., Levis, C., Patel, P., Murphy, J., Duku, E. (2018). Partial versus total trapeziectomy thumb arthroplasty: an expertise-based feasibility study. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 6(3): e1705. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001705
Barkho, J. O., Li, Y. K., Duku, E., Thoma, A. (2018). Ketorolac may increase hematoma risk in reduction mammaplasty: A case-control study. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 6(3): e1699. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001699
Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Szatmari, P., Duku, E., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Bennett, T., Zwaigenbaum, L., Elsabaggh, M., Georgiades, S. and the Pathways in ASD Study Team. (2018). Behavior profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder in kindergarten: Comparison with other developmental disabilities and typically developing children. Autism Research, 11(3):410-420. doi: 10.1002/aur.1904
Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Szatmari, P., Duku, E., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Bennett, T., Zwaigenbaum, L., Elsabaggh, M., Georgiades, S. and the Pathways in ASD Study Team. (2018). Profiles of social and coping resources in families of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Relations to parent and child outcomes. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 48(6):2064-2076. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3467-3
Janus, M., Mauti, E., Horner, M., Duku, E., Siddiqua, A., Davies S. (2017). Behavior profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder in kindergarten: Comparison with other developmental disabilities and typically developing children. Autism Research, 11(3):410-420. doi: 10.1002/aur.1904
Patel, P., Thoma, A., Levis, C., Murphy, J., Duku, E. (2017). An expertise-based prospective feasibility study comparing trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (T+ LRTI) versus partial trapeziectomy and tendon interposition arthroplasty (PT) in patients with basal thumb joint arthritis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 5(9 Suppl). doi: 10.1097/01.GOX.0000526472.33076.fe
Longard, J., Brian, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Duku, E., Moore, C., Smith, I. M., Garon, N., Szatmari, P., Vaillancourt, T., Bryson, S. (2017). Early expressive and receptive language trajectories in high-risk infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 2, 1-11 doi: 10.1177/2396941517737418
Janus, M., Labonté, C., Kirkpatrick, R., Davies, S., Duku, E. (2017). The impact of speech and language problems in kindergarten on academic learning and special education status in grade three. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 1-14. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2017.1381164
Volden, J., Dodd, E., Engel, K., Smith, I. M., Szatmari, P., Fombonne, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Mirenda, P., Bryson, S., Roberts, W., Vaillancourt, T., Waddell, C., Elsabbagh, M., Bennett, T., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., and Pathways in ASD study team. (2017). Beyond sentences: Using the expression, reception, and recall of Narratives Instrument to assess communication in school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research, 60(8): 2228-2240. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-L-16-0168
Webb, S., Janus, M., Duku, E., Raos, R., Brownell, M., Forer, B., Guhn, M., & Muhajarine, N. (2017). Neighbourhood socioeconomic status indices and early childhood development. SSM – Population Health, 3, 48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.11.006
Haines, A., Levis, C., Goldsmith, C. H., Kaur, M., Duku, E., Wells, R., Walter, S. D., Rook, C., Stock, S., Liss, G., Murphy, J., Thoma, A. (2017). Dupuytren’s contracture and handwork: A case-control study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 60(8): 724-733. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22736
Jitlina, K., Zumbo, B., Mirenda, P., Ford, L., Bennett, T., Georgiades, S., Waddell, C., Smith, I. M., Volden, J., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Szatmari, P., Vaillancourt, T., Elsabbagh, M. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale: Parent Report in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 47(12): 3847-3856. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3110-8
Tang, A., Van Lieshout, R. J., Lahat, A., Duku, E., Boyle, M. H., Saigal, S., Schmidt, L. A. (2017). Shyness Trajectories across the First Four Decades Predict Mental Health Outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(8), 1621-1633. doi: 10.1007/s10802-017-0265-x
Vaillancourt, T., Haltigan, J. D., Smith, I., Zwaigenbaum, L., Szatmari, P., Fombonne, E., Waddell, C., Duku, E., Mirenda, P., Georgiades, S., Bennett, T., Volden, J., Elsabbagh, M., Roberts, W., Bryson, S. (2017). Joint trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. Developmental Psychopathology, 29(1): 203-214. doi: 10.1017/S0954579416000043
Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Duku, E., Vaillancourt, T., Smith, I. M., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Georgiades, S., Bennett, T., Elsabaggh, M., Thompson, A. (2017). Impact of personal and social resources on parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 21(2): 155-166. doi: 10.1177/1362361316633033
Boylan, K., Rowe, R., Duku, E., Waldman, I., Stepp, S., Hipwell, A., Burke, J. (2017). Longitudinal Profiles of Girls’ Irritable, Defiant and Antagonistic Oppositional Symptoms: Evidence for Group Based Differences in Symptom Severity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(6): 1133-1145. doi: 10.1007/s10802-016-0231-z
Kwan, M. Y., Arbour-Nicitopoulos, K. P., Duku, E., Faulkner, G. (2016). Patterns of multiple health risk-behaviours in university students and their association with mental health: application of latent class analysis. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 36(8): 163-70. doi: 10.24095/hpcdp.36.8.03
O’Leary, J. D., Janus, M., Duku, E., Wijeysundera, D. N., To, T., Li, P., Maynes, J. T., & Crawford, M. W. (2016). A population-based study evaluating the association between surgery in early life and child development at primary school entry. Anesthesiology, 125, 272-279. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001200
Guhn, M., Janus, M., Enns, J., Brownell, M., Forer, B., Duku, E., Muhajarine, N., & Raos, R. (2016). Examining the social determinants of children’s developmental health: protocol for building a pan-Canadian population-based monitoring system for early child development. BMJ Open, 6, 1-9. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012020
Davies, S., Janus, M., Duku, E., & Gaskin, A. (2016). Using the Early Development Instrument to examine cognitive and non-cognitive school readiness and elementary student achievement. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 35, 63-75. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.10.002
Volden, J., Duku, E., Shepherd, C., Georgiades, S., Bennett, T., Di Rezze, B., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Mirenda, P., Roberts, W., Smither, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Elsabbagh, M., & Pathways in ASD Study Team. (2015). Service utilization in a sample of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder: A Canadian snapshot. Journal of the Canadian Paediatric Society, 20(8),e43-e47. doi: 10.1093/pch/20.8.e43
Li, S-A., Jack, S. M., Gonzalez, A., Duku, E., & MacMillan, H. M. (2015). Healthcare and social service professionals’ perceptions of a home visit program in young, first-time mothers. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 35(8/9):160-167. doi: 10.24095/hpcdp.35.8/9.08
Flanagan, H. E., Smith, I. M, Vaillancourt, T., Duku, E., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Mirenda, P., Roberts, W., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bennett, T., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S. (2015). Stability and change in the cognitive and adaptive behaviour scores of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,45(9):2691-703. doi: 10.1007/s10803-015-2433-6
Allen, S. L., Smith, I. M., Duku, E., Vaillancourt, T., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Roberts, W., Mirenda, P., Bennett, T., Elsabbagh, M., Georgiades, S. (2015). Behavioral pediatrics feeding assessment scale in young children with autism spectrum disorder: psychometrics and associations with child and parent variables. Journal of Pediatric Psychology,40(6):581-90. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv006
Szatmari, P., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., Bennett, T. A., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Mirenda, P., Roberts, W., Smith, I. M., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Elsabbagh, M., Thompson, A. and the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2015). Developmental trajectories of symptom severity and adaptive functioning in an inception cohort of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. JAMA Psychiatry,72(3):276-83. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2463
Woodbury-Smith, M., Paterson, A. D., Thiruvahindrapduram, B., Lionel, A. C., Marshall, C. R., Merico, D., Fernandez, B. A., Duku, E., Sutcliffe, J. S., O’Conner, I., Chrysler, C., Thompson, A., Kellam, B., Tammimies, K., Walker, S., Yuen, R. K., Uddin, M., Howe, J. L., Parlier, M., Whitten, K., Szatmari, P., Vieland, V. J., Piven, J., Scherer, S. W. (2015). Using extended pedigrees to identify novel autism spectrum disorder (ASD) candidate genes. Human Genetics,134(2):191-201. doi: 10.1007/s00439-014-1513-6
Duku, E., Janus, M., & Brinkman, S. (2015). Investigation of the cross-national equivalence of a measurement of early child development. Child Indicators Research, 8: 471-489. doi: 10.1007/s12187-014-9249-3
Bennett, T. A., Szatmari, P., Georgiades, K., Hanna, S., Janus, M., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Smith, I. M., Mirenda, P., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Roberts, W., Vaillancourt, T., Zwaigenbaum, L., Elsabbagh, M., Thompson, A. & the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2014). Do reciprocal associations exist between social and language pathways in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders? Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 56(8): 874-83. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12356
Burke, J. D., Boylan, K., Rowe, R., Duku, E., Stepp, S. D., Hipwell, A. E., Waldman, I. D. (2014). Identifying the irritability dimension of ODD: Application of a modified bifactor model across five large community samples of children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123(4):841-51. doi: 10.1037/a0037898
Thoma, A., Kaur, M. N., Tsoi, B., Ziolkowski, N., Duku, E., Goldsmith, C. H. (2014). Cost-Effectiveness Analysis parallel to a Randomized Controlled Trial comparing Vertical Scar Reduction (VSR) and Inverted T-Shaped reduction (ITR) mammoplasty. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 134(6):1093-107. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000000751
Brian, J., Roncadin, C., Duku, E., Bryson, S. E., Smith, I. M., Roberts, W., Szatmari. P., Drmic, I., Zwaigenbaum, L. (2014). Emerging cognitive profiles in high-risk infants with and without autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8, 1557–1566. doi: 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.07.021
Bennett, T. A., Szatmari, P., Georgiades, K., Hanna, S., Janus, M., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., Bryson, S. E., Fombonne, E., Smith, I. M., Mirenda, P., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Roberts, W., Vaillancourt, T., Zwaigenbaum, L., & the Pathways in ASD Study Team. (2014). Language impairment and early social competence in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders: A comparison of DSM-5 profiles. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11):2797-808. doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2138-2
Janus, M., Duku, E., Brinkman, S., Dunkelberg, E., Chianca, T., & Marino, E. (2014). Socioemotional Development and its Correlates among 5-year-old Children in Peru and Brazil Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies, 6(1):40-53. doi: 10.18085/llas.6.1.9730476466441574
Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H. L., McDougall, P., Krygsman, A., Boylan, K., Duku, E., & Hymel. S. (2014). Predicting borderline personality disorder symptoms in adolescents from childhood physical and relational aggression, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Psychopathology, 26(3):817-30. doi: 10.1017/S0954579414000418
Georgiades, S., Boyle, M., Szatmari, P., Hanna, S., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S. E., Fombonne, E., Mirenda, P., Smith, I. M., Roberts, W., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Bennett, T., Elsabbagh, M., Thompson, A., & & the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2014). Modeling the phenotypic architecture of autism symptoms from time of diagnosis to age 6. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders,44(12):3045-55. doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2167-x
Thoma, A., Kaur, M., Ignacy, T. A., Levis, C., Martin, S., Duku, E., Haines, T. (2014). Psychometric properties of health-related quality of life instruments in patients undergoing palmar fasciectomy for dupuytren’s disease: a prospective study. Hand (N Y), 9(2):166-74. doi: 10.1007/s11552-013-9597-3
Thoma, A., Kaur, M., Ignacy, T. A., Levis, C., Martin, S., Duku, E., Haines, T. (2014). Health Related Quality of Life in Patients undergoing Palmar Fasciectomy for Dupuytren’s Disease. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 133(6):1411-9. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000000177
Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Duku, E., Szatmari, P., Georgiades, S., Volden, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Vaillancourt, T., Bryson, S., Smith, I., Fombonne, E., Roberts, W., Waddell, C., Thompson, A. & the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2014). Examination of Bidirectional Relationships Between Parent Stress and Two Types of Problem Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder,44(8), 1908-17. doi: 10.1007/s10803-014-2064-3
Korczak, D., Lipman, E. L., Szatmari, P., Morrison, K., Duku, E. (2014). Child and adolescent psychopathology predicts increased adult BMI: Results from a prospective community sample Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 35(2), 108-17. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000015
Duku, E., & Vaillancourt T. (2014). Validation of the BRIEF-P in a sample of Canadian preschool children. Child Neuropsychology,20(3):358-71. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2013.796919
Reitzel, J., Summers, J., Lorv, B., Szatmari, P., Zwaigenbaum, L., Georgiades, S., & Duku, E. (2013). Pilot randomized controlled trial of a Functional Behavior Skills Training program for young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder who have significant early learning skill impairments and their families. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7, 1418–1432. doi: 10.1016/j.rasd.2013.07.025
Duku, E., Szatmari, P., Vaillancourt, T., Georgiades, S., Thompson, A., Liu, X-Q., Paterson, A.D., & Bennett, T. (2013). Measurement equivalence of the autism symptom phenotype in children and youth. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry,54(12), 1346-1355. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12103
Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H. L., McDougall, P., & Duku, E. (2013). Longitudinal Links between Childhood Peer Victimization, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems, and Academic Functioning: Developmental Cascades. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,41(8), 1203-1215. doi: 10.1007/s10802-013-9781-5
Thoma, A., Ignacy, T. A., Duku, E. K., Patterson, R. S., Cin, A. D., Levis, C. M., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2013). Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Vertical Scar versus Inverted T-Shaped Reduction Mammaplasty. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 132(1):48e-60e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182910cb0
Mathewson, K. J., Schmidt, L., A., Miskovic, V., Santesso, D.,L., Duku, E., McCabe, R. E., Antony, M. M., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2013). Does respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) predict anxiety reduction during cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD)? International Journal of Psychophysiology, 88, 171–181. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.03.016
Bennett, T.A., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Duku, E., Vaccarella, L., & Tuff, L. (2013). Theory of Mind, Language and Adaptive Functioning in ASD: A Neuroconstructivist Perspective. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 22(1):13-9. link
MacMillan, H., Tanaka, M., Duku, E., Vaillancourt, T., & Boyle, M. H. (2013). Child physical and sexual abuse in a community sample of young adults: Results from the Ontario Child Health Study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(1):14-2. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.06.005
Georgiades, S., Szatmari, P., Boyle, M., Hanna, S., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Volden, J., Mirenda, P., Smith, I., Roberts, W., Vaillancourt, T., Waddell, C., Bennett, T., Thompson, A., & the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2013). Investigating phenotypic heterogeneity in children with autism spectrum disorder: a factor mixture modeling approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,54(2):206-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02588.x.
Cleverley, K., Bennett, K., & Duku, E. (2012). Effects of functional impairment on internalizing symptom trajectories in adolescence: A longitudinal, growth curve modelling study. Journal of Adolescence,36(1):45-53. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.09.001
Duku, E., Vaillancourt, T., Szatmari, P., Georgiades, S., Zwaigenbaum, L., Smith, I.M., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Mirenda, P., Roberts, W., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Thompson, A., Bennett, T., & the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2012). Investigating the Measurement Properties of the Social Responsiveness Scale in Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder. 43(4):860-8. doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1627-4
Ohashi, J.K., Mirenda, P., Marinova-Todd, S., Hambly, C., Fombonne, E., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Roberts, W., Smith, I., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., & Thompson, A. (2012). Comparing early language development in monolingual- and bilingual- exposed young children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(2):890-897. doi: 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.12.002
Szatmari, P., Liu, XQ., Goldberg, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Paterson, A.D., Woodbury-Smith, M., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., & Thompson, A. (2012). Sex differences in repetitive stereotyped behaviors in autism: Implications for genetic liability. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 159B(1):5-12. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31238
Tanaka, M., Jamieson, E., Georgiades, K., Duku, E. K., Boyle, M. H., & MacMillan, H. L. (2011). The association between childhood abuse and labor force outcomes in young adults: Results from the Ontario Child Health Study.Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 20(8): 821-844. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2011.621851
Bennett, T., Boyle, M. H., Georgiades, K., Georgiades, S., Thompson, A., Duku, E., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Vaillancourt, T., Mirenda, P., Roberts, W., Smith, I., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., the Pathways Study Team & Szatmari, P. (2012). Influence of reporting effects on the association between maternal depression and child autism spectrum disorder behaviors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(1), 89-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02451.x
Janus, M., Brinkman, S. A., & Duku, E. K. (2011). Validity and psychometric properties of the Early Development Instrument in Canada, Australia, United States, and Jamaica. Social Indicators Research, 103(2): 283-297. doi: 10.1007/s11205-011-9846-1
Liu, X-Q., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., Thompson, A., Devlin, B., Cook, E.H., Wijsman, E.M., Paterson, A.D., & Szatmari, P. (2011). Identification of genetic Loci underlying the phenotypic constructs of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,50(7):687-696.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.05.002
Vaillancourt, T., Duku, E., Becker, S., Schmidt, L., Nicol, J., Muir, C., & MacMillan, H. (2011). Peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and high salivary cortisol predict poor memory in children. Brain and Cognition, 77(2), 191-199. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.06.012. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.06.012
Volden, J., Smith, I. M., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Mirenda, P., Roberts, W., Vaillancourt, T., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., Thompson, A., & the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2011). Using the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition to characterize language in preschoolers with ASD. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 20, 200-208. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0035)
Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Zumbo, B., Georgiades, S., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Roberts, W., Smith, I., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., Duku, E., Thompson, A., & the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2011). Factor analysis of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form with parents of young children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism Research, 4(5):336-46. doi: 10.1002/aur.213
Georgiades, S., Szatmari, P., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Roberts, W., Fombonne, E., Mirenda, P., Smith, I., Vaillancourt, T., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Thompson, A., & the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2010). Phenotypic overlap between core diagnostic features and emotional/behavioral problems in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 41(10):1321-9. doi: 10.1007/s10803-010-1158-9
Mirenda, P., Smith, I.M., Vaillancourt, T., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Fombonne, E., Roberts, W., Volden, J., Waddell, C., Zwaigenbaum, L., & the Pathways in ASD Study Team (2010). Validating the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40: 1521-1530. doi: 10.1007/s10803-010-1012-0
Vaillancourt, T., Trinh, V., McDougall, P., Duku, E., Cunningham, L., Cunningham, C., Hymel, S., & Short, K. (2010). Optimizing Population Screening of Bullying in School-aged Children. Journal of School Violence,9(3): 233 – 250. doi: 10.1080/15388220.2010.483182
Wright, R., John, L., Duku, E., Burgos, G., Krygsman, A., & Esposto, C. (2010). After-school programs as a prosocial setting for bonding between peers. Child & Youth Services, 31(3): 74-91. doi: 10.1080/0145935X.2009.524461
Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Duku, E., Vaccarella, L., Zwaigenbaum, L., Bennett, T., & Boyle, M.H. (2009). Similar developmental trajectories in autism and Asperger syndrome: from early childhood to adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.50(12):1459-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02123.x
MacMillan, H. L., Georgiades, K., Duku, E. K., Shea, A., Steiner, M., Niec, A., Tanaka, M., Gensey, S., Spree, S., Vella, E., Walsh, C.A., De Bellis, M. D., Van der Meulen, J., Boyle, M. H., & Schmidt, L. A. (2009). Cortisol response to stress in female youths exposed to childhood maltreatment: results of the youth mood project. Biological Psychiatry, 1; 66(1):62-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.12.014
Vaillancourt, T., deCatanzaro, D., Duku, E., & Muir, C. (2009). Androgen dynamics in the context of children’s peer relations: an examination of the links between testosterone and peer victimization. Aggressive Behavior, 35(1):103-13. doi: 10.1002/ab.20288
John, L., Wright, R., Rowe, W. S., & Duku, E. (2009). Effects of an after-school arts program on youths in low-income communities. Best Practices in Mental Health, 5(1), 74-88. link
Szatmari, P., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Goldberg, J., & Bennett, T. (2008). Alexithymia in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 38(10), 1859-65. doi: 10.1007/s10803-008-0576-4
Vaillancourt, T., Duku, E., deCatanzaro, D., MacMillan, H., Muir, C., & Schmidt, L. (2008). Variation in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity among bullied and non-bullied children. Aggressive Behaviour, 34, 294-305. doi: 10.1002/ab.20240
Haines, T., McKnight, L. Duku, E., Perry, L., & Thoma, A. (2008). The Role of Systematic Reviews in Clinical Research and Practice. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 35: 207-214. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2007.10.003
Thoma, A., Haines, T., Duku, E., McKnight, L., & Goldsmith, C. (2008). How to Become a Successful Clinical Investigator. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 35: 305-311. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2007.10.008
Thoma, A., Jansen, L., Sprague, S., & Duku, E. (2008). A comparison of the superficial inferior epigastric artery flap and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap in postmastectomy reconstruction: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery, 16(2): 77-84. doi: 10.1177/229255030801600201
Wright, R., John, L., Rowe, W., Alaggia, R., Duku, E., & Morton, T. (2008). Do community arts programs promote positive youth development? Finding from a multi-method study. Critical Social Work, 9(1). link
John, L., Wright, R., Duku, E. K., & Willms, D. (2008). The Use of Propensity Scores as a Matching Strategy. Research on Social Work Practice, Vol. 18. No. 1: 20-26. doi: 10.1177/1049731507303958
Bennett, T.A., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S., Volden, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Vaccarella, L., Duku, E., & Boyle, M.H. (2008). Differentiating Autism and Asperger Syndrome on the Basis of Language Delay or Language Disorder. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 8(4), 616-25. doi: 10.1007/s10803-007-0428-7
Janus, M., & Duku, E. (2007). The School Entry Gap: Socioeconomic, Family, and Health Factors Associated with Children’s School Readiness to Learn. Early Education and Development, 18(3): 375-403. doi: 10.1080/10409280701610796a
Haines, T., Stringer, B., & Duku, E. (2007). Workplace Safety Climate and Incivility among British Columbia and Ontario Operating Room Nurses: A Preliminary Investigation. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 26(2): 141-152. doi: 10.7870/cjcmh-2007-0033
Georgiades, K., Boyle, M.H., & Duku, E. (2007). Contextual influences on children’s mental health and school performance: the moderating effects of family immigrant status. Child Development, 78(5): 1572-1591. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01084.x
Thoma, A., Sprague, S., Veltri, K., Duku, E., & Furlong, W. (2007). A Prospective Study of Patients Undergoing Breast Reduction Surgery: Health-Related Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 120(1):13-26. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000263370.94191.90
Wright, R., John, L., Livingstone, A. M., Shepherd, N., & Duku, E. K. (2007). Effects of School-Based Interventions on Secondary School Students with High and Low Risk for Antisocial Behaviour. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 22:32-49. doi: 10.1177/0829573507301249
Georgiades, S., Szatmari, P., Zwaigenbaum, L., Duku, E., Bryson, S., Roberts, W., Goldberg, J., & Mahoney, W. (2007). The Structure of the Autism Symptom Phenotype: A Proposed Multidimensional model. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(2); 188-196. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000242236.90763.7f
Cugno, S., Sprague, S., Duku, E., & Thoma, A. (2007). Composite tissue allotransplantation of the face: Decision analysis model. Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery, 15(3): 145-152. doi: 10.1177/229255030701500304
Lipman, E. L., Boyle, M. H., Cunningham, C., Kenny, M., Sniderman, C., Duku, E., & Mills, B. (2006). Testing Effectiveness of a Community-Based Aggression Management Program for Children 7 to 11 years Old and Their Families. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(9):1085-1093. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000228132.64579.73
Wright, R., John, L., Ellenbogen, S., Offord, D. R., Duku, E. K., & Rowe, W. (2006). Effect of a Structured Performing Arts Program on the Psychosocial Functioning of Low-Income Youth: Findings from a Canadian Longitudinal Study. Journal of Early Adolescence, 26: 186-205. doi: 10.1177/0272431605285717
Sanford, M., Boyle, M., McCleary, L., Miller, J., Steele, M., Duku, E., & Offord, D. (2006). A pilot study of adjunctive family psychoeducation in adolescent major depression: feasibility and treatment effect. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(4):386-495. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000198595.68820.10
Thoma, A., Wong, V.H., Sprague, S., & Duku, E. (2006). A Cost-Utility Analysis of Open and Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release. Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery, 14(1): 15-20. doi: 10.1177/229255030601400101
Georgiades, K., Boyle, M.H., Racine, Y., & Duku, E. (2006). Tobacco use among immigrant and nonimmigrant adolescents: individual and family level influences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4):443.e1-443.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.02.007
Wright, R, Offord, D, John, L, & Duku, E. K. (2005). Secondary Schools Demonstration Project: Program Effects of School-Based Interventions on Antisocial Behaviour. Exceptionality Education Canada, 15(2): 27-50. link
Thoma, A., Sprague, S., Veltri, K., & Duku, E., Furlong, W. (2005). Methodology and Measurement Properties of Health-Related Quality of Life Instruments: A Prospective Study of Patients Undergoing Breast Reduction Surgery. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 3:44. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-3-44
Thoma, A., Veltri, K., Haines, T., & Duku, E. (2005). A systematic review of reviews comparing the effectiveness of endoscopic and open carpal tunnel decompression: Reply. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 15(1): 342. doi: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000146070.16686.EE
Thoma, A., Veltri, K., Haines, T., & Duku, E. (2004). A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing endoscopic and open carpal tunnel decompression. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 114(5): 1137-46. doi: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000135850.37523.D0
Boyle, M. H., Jenkins, J.M., Georgiades, K., Cairney, J., Duku, E., & Racine, Y. (2004). Differential-maternal parenting behavior: estimating within- and between-family effects on children. Child Development, 75(5): 1457-1476. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00751.x
Thoma, A., Veltri, K., Khuthaila, D., Rockwell, G., & Duku, E. (2004). Comparison of the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap and Free Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap in Postmastectomy Reconstruction: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 113(6):1650-1661. doi: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000117196.61020.FD
Thoma, A., Veltri, K., Haines, T., & Duku, E. (2004). A systematic review of reviews comparing the effectiveness of endoscopic and open carpal tunnel decompression. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 113(4):1184-91. doi: 10.1097/01.PRS.0000110202.08818.C1
Szatmari, P., Bryson, S. E., Boyle, M. H., Streiner, D.L., & Duku, E. (2003). Predictors of outcome among high functioning children with autism and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 44(4):520-8. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00141
MacMillan, H. L., Fleming, J. E., Streiner, D. L., Lin, E., Boyle, M. H., Jamieson, E., Duku, E. K., Walsh, C. A., Wong, M.Y ., & Beardslee, W. R. (2001). Childhood abuse and lifetime psychopathology in a community sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(11):1878-83. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.11.1878
Hundert, J., Boyle, M. H., Cunningham, C. E., Duku, E., Heale, J., McDonald, J., Offord, D. R., & Racine, Y. (1999). Helping children adjust–a Tri-Ministry Study: II. Program effects. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 40(7): 1061-73. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00524
Dolovich, L. R., Levine, M. A. H., Tarajos, R., & Duku, E. (1999). Promoting optimal therapy for otitis media using commercially sponsored evidence-based detailing: a prospective controlled trial. Drug Information Journal, 33:1067-1077. doi: 10.1177/009286159903300411
MacMillan, H. L., Boyle, M. H., Wong, M. Y., Duku, E. K., Fleming, J. E., & Walsh, C. A. (1999). Slapping and spanking in childhood and its association with lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a general population sample. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 161(7): 805-9. link
Balon, J., Aker, P. D., Crowther, E. R., Danielson, C., Cox, P. G., O’Shaughnessy, D., Walker, C., Goldsmith, C. H., Duku, E., & Sears, M. R. (1998). A comparison of active and simulated chiropractic manipulation as adjunctive treatment for childhood asthma. New England Journal of Medicine, 339(15): 1013-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199810083391501
Douketis, J. D., Kearon, C., Bates, S., Duku, E. K., & Ginsberg, J.S. (1998). Risk of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with treated venous thromboembolism. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279(6): 458-62. doi: 10.1001/jama.279.6.458
Douketis, J. D., Ginsberg, J. S., Holbrook, A., Crowther, M., Duku, E. K., & Burrows, R. F. (1997). A reevaluation of the risk for venous thromboembolism with the use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157(14): 1522-30. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1997.00440350022002
Douketis, J. D., Ginsberg, J. S., Burrows, R. F., Duku, E. K., Webber, C. E., & Brill-Edwards, P. (1996). The effects of long-term heparin therapy during pregnancy on bone density. A prospective matched cohort study. Journal of Thrombosis & Haemostasis, 75(2): 254-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1650255
Sulakvelidze, I., Nakano, K., Conway, M., Edney, R., Brattson, R., Duku, E., Goldsmith, C., Dolovich, J. (1996). 471 Effect of a topical nasal steroid in GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8 and HLA-D expression by nasal epithelial cells in seasonal allergenic rhinitis (SAR). Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 97(1):300. doi: 10.1016/S0091-6749(96)80689-0
Goldsmith, C. H., Duku, E., Brooks, P. M., Boers, M., Tugwell, P. S., & Baker, P. (1995). Interactive conference voting. The OMERACT II Committee. Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial Conference. Journal of Rheumatology, 22(7): 1420-30. link
Bellamy, N., Goldsmith, C. H., Buchanan, W. W., Campbell, J., & Duku, E. (1991). Prior score availability: observations using the WOMAC osteoarthritis index. British Journal of Rheumatology, 30(2): 150-1. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/30.2.150
Bellamy, N., Buchanan, W. W., Goldsmith, C. H., Campbell, J., & Duku, E. (1990). Signal measurement strategies: are they feasible and do they offer any advantage in outcome measurement in osteoarthritis? Arthritis & Rheumatism, 33(5): 739-45. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330518
Non-Peer-Reviewed
Contributions to books
Janus, M., Brinkman, S., Duku, E., Hertzman, C., Santos, R., Sayers, M., & Schroeder, J. (2007). The Early Development Instrument: A Population-based measure for communities. A handbook on development, properties, and use. link
Other
Ewing, L., Webb, S., Duku, E., Gaskin, A., & Janus, M. (2017). Results of the EDI in Germany: Technical Report.
Ewing, L., Webb, S., Duku, E., Gaskin, A., & Janus, M. (2017). Results of the EDI in Lecheria, Dominican Republic: Technical Report.
Janus, M, Gaskin, A., Duku, E., & Webb, S. (2017). Monitoring the Progress on the Objectives of the Kyrgyz Early Education Project (KEEP): Results of the Early Development Instrument in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Chen, A., Webb, S., Duku, E., Gaskin, A., & Janus, M. (2017). Results of the 2017 Implementation of the EDI in Crete, Greece: Technical Report.
Duku, E., Janus, M., & Gaskin, A. (2016). Technical Report: Results of the 2016 endline implementation of the adapted EDI in Vietnam. Socialist Republic of Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training.
Vinoraj, D., Duku, E., & Janus, M. (2016). Technical Report: Early Development Instrument (EDI) follow-up data in Brazil (FMCSV). Fundação Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal.
Webb, S., Duku, E., Gaskin, A., & Janus, M. (2016). Technical Report: Results of the pilot implementation of the EDI in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. School Readiness Initiative.
Webb, S., Duku, E., Gaskin, A., & Janus, M. (2016). Technical Report: Results of the pilot implementation of the EDI in Crete, Greece. University of Winnipeg.
Janus, M. & Duku, E. (2015). Results of the Pilot Implementation of the Adapted Version of the EDI in Kyrgyzstan: Technical Report. Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Janus, M., & Duku, E. (2015). Results of the Pilot Implementation of the EDI in Seoul, South Korea. Dong-A University.
Janus, M., Duku, E., & Cai, R. (2015). Results of the midline implementation of the adapted EDI in Vietnam. Socialist Republic of Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training.
Janus, M., Duku, E., Schell, A. (2012). The Full Day Kindergarten Early Learning Program Final Report. Submitted to the Ontario Ministry of Education.
Janus M., Duku, E. (2012). Assessment of psychosocial wellbeing of pre-school children in Sindh Province (Pakistan): Summary of results and feedback on data from the Early Development Instrument (EDI).
Janus, M., Duku, E. (2012). Results of the implementation of the Portuguese Brazilian version of the EDI in seven communities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: Technical Report on complementary analyses for Fundaçao Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal.
Janus, M. Duku, E. (2012). Analyses of data and indicators of ECD Module based on MICS4 in preparation for MICS5, Technical Report, Final Report for UNICEF.
Janus, M., Duku, E. (2012). Result of the Phase II implementation of the EDI in Scotland, Technical Report, Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research Policy.
Janus, M., & Duku, E. (2011). Results of the pilot implementation of the adapted Chinese version of the Early Development Instrument in Hong Kong. Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong.
Janus, M., & Duku, E. (2011). Result of the pilot implementation of the EDI in Scotland. Scottish Collaboration for Public health Research and Policy.
Janus, M., Duku, E., & Hughes, D. (2010). Patterns of school readiness among selected groups of Canadian children: Children with special needs and children with diverse language backgrounds. Canadian Council for Learning. link
Duku. E. K., & Janus, M. (2010). Analysis of Early Development Instrument (EDI) follow-up data: The Mozambique Early Child Development (ECD) Impact Evaluation (World Bank) – Report on the EDI component.
Duku. E. K., & Janus, M. (2010). Analysis of Early Development Instrument (EDI) baseline data: The Mozambique Early Child Development (ECD) Impact Evaluation (World Bank) – Report on the EDI component.
Janus, M., & Duku, E. K. (2013). Analyses of data and indicators of ECD Module based on MICS4 in preparation for MICS5. Technical report presented to UNICEF (final draft). (Revised)
Janus, M., Brinkman, S., & Duku, E. (2008). Pilot Test Results: Child Development Outcome Instruments to be included in UNICEF’s MICS Household Survey, Final Report for UNICEF.
Janus, M., & Duku, E. (2007). Normative data for the Early Development Instrument.
Janus, M., & Duku, E. (2005). Development of the short Early Development Instrument (S-EDI). Report for the World Bank, June.
Duku, E., & Janus, M. (2005). Additional analyses of the Early Years Evaluation (EYE) Instrument in Jordan. Report for the World Bank, May.
Janus, M., Walsh, C., & Duku, E. (2005). Early Development Instrument: Factor structure, Sub-domains and Multiple Challenge Index. April.
Janus, M., & Duku, E. (2004). Early Development Instrument: Normative data based on 5 years of implementation (2000-2004). November.
Offord, D. R., Lipman, E. L., & Duku, E. K. (1998). Sports, the Arts and Community Programs: Rates and Correlates of Participation (Working Paper W-98-18E). Hull, Que.: Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy, Human Resources and Development Canada.
Unpublished Documents
Duku, E. K. (2013). Assessing Early Child Development: Issues of Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Validity (submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Education) University of Ottawa, June.
Duku, E. K. (1986). The identification of prognostic factors in patients suffering from thromboembolic stroke (submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in Statistics) McMaster University, July.
Duku, E. K. (1982). A critical appraisal of the Coale-Demeny Regional Model Life Tables and the O.E.C.D. Life Tables in estimating mortality in some African countries (submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Graduate Diploma in Population Studies) United Nations Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, August.